Real Estate
Can be purchased with after-tax dollars that appreciate over a long-term horizon. Owner can access funds through second mortgage or home equity loans. In order to realize/access profit, requires a willing buyer and seller to agree upon market price. Seller’s proceeds are subject to capital gains tax or ordinary income tax. Traditionally, this has been a staple of American wealth and investment over time. However, in a struggling economy, property values decline and sellers/buyers can disappear.
Qualified Retirement Funds 401(k), IRA, SEP (Pension)
Contributions made with pre-tax dollars that grow on a tax-deferred basis. Premature withdrawals (made prior to age 59 1/2) — that are not deemed as hardship — may be subject to ordinary income tax, plus a 10% tax penalty. Traditionally, this has been a reliable investment provided you don’t make premature withdrawals (which reduces principal) and market conditions are favorable.
Stock Portfolio
Shares are purchased with after-tax dollars and are typically highly liquid. However, it can be difficult to time market to know when is the optimal time to sell/buy shares. If you sell at a profit, proceeds are subject to capital gains tax. Can generate quick and large profits; but much of the performance can depend on the overall economy and general market behavior.
Bank Savings
One of the safest investments, CDs and FDIC-insured Money Market accounts pay interest on an insured (up to $250,0001) principal that is fully taxable as ordinary income. While this is generally a risk-free way to earn interest on your money, when the economy is struggling, interest rates can drop to very low levels.
Permanent Life Insurance
In addition to death benefit protection, permanent life insurance can provide tax-deferred cash value accumulation which can be accessed at any time through tax-free loans and partial withdrawals2 and a guaranteed income tax-free lump-sum insurance benefit paid to beneficiary3. Often one of the best asset classes in a variety of economic environments.